Which finding may be observed in severe hyperglycemia (diabetic ketoacidosis)?

• A. Bradycardia
• B. Edema
• C. Nausea
• D. Kussmaul respiration

Answer: (D)

When severe hyperglycemia leads to diabetic ketoacidosis, ketoacids cause a metabolic acidosis. The body responds by driving respiration to remove CO2 and raise pH, producing a deep, rapid, labored breathing pattern known as Kussmaul respiration. This compensatory breathing is a classic sign of significant acidosis in DKA, reflecting the underlying metabolic disturbance.

Bradycardia would be unlikely because dehydration and electrolyte disturbances in DKA typically cause tachycardia. Edema is not a hallmark finding of DKA, though fluid shifts can occur. Nausea can occur with acidosis, but it isn’t as distinctive as the respiratory response that directly addresses the acid-base issue.