What dietary modifications are recommended for a patient with congestive heart failure?

• A. Fluid restriction only; sodium unrestricted.
• B. Sodium restriction, fluid restriction if ordered, balanced meals, monitor weight, avoid excessive fluids.
• C. High-sodium diet.
• D. No dietary changes.

Answer: (B)

Managing dietary intake in congestive heart failure focuses on reducing fluid buildup and easing the heart’s workload. Limiting sodium is key because salt causes the body to retain water, increasing preload and edema. A balanced diet supports energy and heart muscle health without adding excess sodium. Fluid restriction is used if fluid overload is a concern or if the clinician orders it, helping prevent excessive circulating volume. Daily weight monitoring is a practical way to catch early fluid retention—rapid increases can signal the need to adjust therapy. Avoiding excessive fluids aligns with preventing volume overload. So the plan combines sodium restriction, fluid restriction if ordered, balanced meals, weight monitoring, and keeping fluid intake appropriate to the patient’s condition. The other options miss important components: unrestricted sodium allows more fluid gain; a high-sodium diet worsens edema; and no dietary changes neglect the measures that help control fluid status and heart workload.